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<text id=89TT0576>
<link 93AC0528>
<link 89TT1698>
<link 89TT0627>
<link 89TT0238>
<title>
Feb. 27, 1989: The Immigration Mess
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Feb. 27, 1989 The Ayatullah Orders A Hit
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
NATION, Page 14
The Immigration Mess
</hdr><body>
<p>A surge of Central American refugees finds the U.S. unprepared
</p>
<p>By Jacob V. Lamar
</p>
<p> Brownsville, Texas. Weary yet hopeful, their bodies battered
but their spirits high, the families while away the hours at the
Casa Romero shelter for Central American refugees. They line up
for a lunch of rice and beans, served from steaming kettles;
they mop the floors and shoot pool; they practice English
phrases; and they wait. And wait.
</p>
<p> When they learn that their applications for political asylum
in the U.S. are finally about to be dealt with, they trek to a
makeshift Immigration and Naturalization Service post at the
newly opened Port Isabel Processing Center, 25 miles away. Two
weeks ago, angry local officials forced the shutdown of an INS
office in Harlingen to rid the town of 500 refugees who have
been shoehorned into overcrowded shelters and camps since last
year. At Port Isabel, the refugees, clutching their meager
possessions, line up to be fingerprinted and questioned by
immigration officials -- and then wait some more to find out if
they will be allowed to partake of the American Dream.
</p>
<p> The hectic scene in southern Texas reflects the confusion of
a U.S. immigration policy that is on the verge of being swamped
by a virtual tidal wave of new arrivals. "We stand on the
precipice of an enormous immigration crisis," says Wyoming
Republican Senator Alan Simpson, who, with Democratic
Congressman Romano Mazzoli of Kentucky, wrote the 1986
Immigration Reform and Control Act. It is a crisis with which
the U.S., despite its cherished history as a nation of
immigrants, is not prepared to cope. "We have no population
policy," complains a State Department official. "No total
concept on which to build."
</p>
<p> The emergency springs primarily from Central America. Since
last June, 30,000 Nicaraguans fleeing war and economic misery
have flocked to the U.S. That number could be dwarfed by the
tens of thousands expected to arrive in the U.S. in 1989. As a
result of Moscow's liberalized emigration policies, some 50,000
Soviet citizens, primarily Jews and Armenians, will be allowed
to leave the U.S.S.R. this year; most will be headed for the
U.S. Several thousand of the 5 million Afghanistan refugees
camped in Pakistan will also emigrate to the U.S.
</p>
<p> The Immigration Reform Act is an example of the disarray of
current policy. Designed to control a huge influx of illegal
immigrants, the law provided an opportunity for 3 million to 5
million aliens who had lived and worked in the U.S. since before
1982 to become permanent residents. It also established
penalties for employers who knowingly hired illegal aliens,
making it much more difficult for them to find jobs and
provoking discrimination against job seekers who merely look
like foreigners. But the law has not significantly reduced
unauthorized immigration. The flow from the South continues at
such a pace that the INS is embarking on what literally amounts
to a last-ditch tactic: it will soon dig a 5-ft.-deep,
4-mile-long trench along the Mexican border near San Diego, in
part to prevent fast-moving cars packed with illegal immigrants
from racing across the boundary.
</p>
<p> Moreover, the law has failed to forestall an epidemic of
outright fraud and abuse. The Western regional INS office, which
covers California, Arizona, Nevada, Hawaii and Guam, has handed
out $1 million in fines to heedless employers in the past two
years. But with 400 agents in the region, the INS hardly has the
manpower to wage a serious crackdown and thus goes after only
the most blatant offenders -- and many companies and illegal
aliens are willing to take their chances. A survey by the
University of California at San Diego's Center for U.S.-Mexican
Studies, for example, found that some 41% of illegal aliens in
the Southern California area admitted they had used fake
information to obtain their jobs.
</p>
<p> The U.S. is also wrestling with difficulties posed by the
Soviet Union's decision to nearly triple the number of exit
visas it will grant its citizens this year. Washington has long
prodded Moscow for just such an opening to emigres. To
accommodate the new Soviet arrivals, the Reagan Administration
last year transferred 7,000 slots previously reserved for Asian
immigrants to Soviet refugees, outraging advocates for
Cambodian and Vietnamese immigrants.
</p>
<p> Efforts to devise a coherent immigration policy are hampered
by the political power of ethnic groups that have sunk deep
roots in the U.S. Over the past seven years, some 100,000 Irish
natives entered the U.S. on tourist visas, then stayed on after
their allotted time expired. The Irish have complained that a
1965 immigration provision giving preference to family members
of recent arrivals has helped Asians and Latinos while
discriminating against West Europeans. Two years ago,
Irish-American activists took their case to Congress and
received an enthusiastic hearing. With the help of new
legislation pushed by powerful advocates like Senator Edward M.
Kennedy, some 3,900 Irish were granted additional visas to
enter the U.S. in 1987. Kennedy is now fighting for immigration
legislation that will give preference to those with valuable
professional skills, high levels of education and a knowledge of
English, all conditions tailor-made for Irish immigrants.
</p>
<p> The plight of the Central American refugees remains far more
acute. Recent court decisions have held that applicants for
asylum have to be given work-authorization documents, allowing
them to seek immediate employment while the INS scrutinizes
their pleas. But to stem a surge of arrivals from Central
America, the INS delayed granting work permits until asylum
applications could be processed and told the refugees to remain
near their point of entry until the paperwork was completed.
The new regulations helped turn the Rio Grande Valley into a
giant alien way station.
</p>
<p> At a packed Red Cross shelter a few miles from downtown
Brownsville, the air is filled with the cries of babies and the
smell of urine. Overcrowding and lack of sanitation in the area
have contributed to an outbreak of hepatitis. Refugee advocates
are infuriated by the Federal Government's inability to clear
the bottleneck. Charges Roman Catholic Bishop John Fitzpatrick
of the Brownsville diocese: "The INS is saying, `Sorry, you
can't leave to work, but we can't feed you.' "
</p>
<p> Meanwhile, harsh sentiment against the refugees is growing.
"Nobody knows who all these people are," says Brownsville
trailer-court owner Bob White. "They could be terrorists, or
bandits, or typhoid carriers." Harlingen Mayor Bill Card says
his city decided to expel the INS from a registration post to
send a signal to the Bush Administration that the area needs
more help from Washington. Says he: "We have not been able to
get the cooperation and attention of the Federal Government."
</p>
<p> With the Federal Government straining under the budget
deficit, it is unlikely that the U.S. can afford to continue
spending $382 million to provide welfare and medical care for
refugees, some 75,000 of whom arrived last year. Some experts
believe the burden of caring for new residents could become so
heavy that slamming the door on the huddled masses seeking a
better life in the U.S. may be inescapable. "In some fashion,
we've got to ignore the promise of the Statue of Liberty," says
Mazzoli. "The U.S.'s moral responsibility to accept immigrants
is not unlimited."
</p>
<p> Nevertheless, the beacon of hope for a better life in
America burns brightest for those who endure the most profound
debasement and despair in their native land. While the U.S.
today is ill-equipped to take them all in, the dream lives on.
For that reason, the immigration wave is not likely to stop or
even slow. "People aren't going to write their relatives and
say, `Don't come,'" argues Bishop Fitzpatrick. Nor, despite the
burden, is the U.S. likely to turn its back on its history by
hanging out a sign that reads NO VACANCY.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>